Dan J. Harkey

Master Educator | Business & Finance Consultant | Mentor

History of Manufacturing Consent: Edward Bernays

Edward Bernays was absolutely a propaganda specialist, though he preferred the term “public relations” after World War I because “propaganda” had developed a negative connotation.

by Dan J. Harkey

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Summary

Why He’s Considered a Propaganda Specialist • WWI Work: Bernays worked on the U.S. Committee on Public Information, which used propaganda to rally American support for the war. • Book Propaganda (1928): He openly described propaganda as a necessary tool in democratic societies to shape public opinion. • Core Belief: “The conscious and intelligent manipulation of the organized habits and opinions of the masses is an important element in a democratic society.”

His Approach

  • Applied psychology and mass communication to influence behavior.
  • Used symbols, emotions, and media to make ideas feel natural and inevitable.
  • Advocated for “engineering consent”—guiding people without them realizing it.

Edward Bernays is often referred to as the “father of public relations,” but labeling him the “father of mind control” is somewhat of an exaggeration—though not entirely without reason.  His work was about influencing public opinion, not about controlling individual minds.

Here’s the nuance:

1.     What Bernays Actually Did

  • Pioneered Modern PR: Bernays was a trailblazer in the field of public relations, applying psychological principles (especially from his uncle Sigmund Freud) to influence public opinion.
  • Framed Messaging: He understood that people are driven more by emotion and unconscious desires than by rational thought.
  • Created Campaigns: Famous examples include:
    • “Torches of Freedom” (1929): Linked women smoking to women’s liberation.
    • Bacon and Eggs: Marketed as the “hearty American breakfast.”
  • Core Idea: By shaping the narrative and symbols, you can influence behavior.

2.     Why People Call It “Mind Control”

  • Bernays believed in “engineering consent”—guiding the masses without them realizing it.
  • HPropaganda Propaganda (1928):
    “The conscious and intelligent manipulation of the organized habits and opinions of the masses is an important element in a democratic society.”
  • This sounds manipulative because it is—he saw it as necessary for managing complex societies, raising important ethical considerations for the audience to ponder.

3.     What He Was NOT

  • He did propaganda or psychological influence (those existed long before).
  • He wasn’t a hypnotist or literal “mind controller.” His work was about mass persuasion through language, symbolism, and media.

4.     Engineering Consent

  • People don’t make decisions rationally; emotions and unconscious desires drive them.
  • Shape public opinion by framing ideas in ways that appeal to those instincts.

5.     Use of Authority and Social Proof

  • Align messages with trusted figures, experts, or institutions.
  • People follow what others (especially influencers) endorse.

6.    Create Associations

  • Link products or ideas to powerful symbols, values, or aspirations.
  • Example: Cigarettes as “freedom” for women (Torches of Freedom campaign).

7.     Leverage Media as a Multiplier

  • Use newspapers, radio, and later TV (today: social media) to amplify narratives.
  • Control the conversation by feeding stories to journalists and opinion leaders.

8.     Make It Seem Organic

  • Hide the sponsor’s hand; make campaigns appear as if they are grassroots or driven by public demand.
  • Example: Organizing “independent” events that were actually orchestrated.

10.     Tap into Group Identity

  • People act as members of groups, not as isolated individuals.
  • Target messaging to social, cultural, or professional identities.

11.  Repetition and Consistency

  • Repeat key ideas across multiple channels until they feel like common sense.

12   Engineering Consent

Example:

  • Apple Product Launches
    Apple doesn’t just sell devices; it sells status and identity. The narrative is about being innovative, creative, and part of an elite group.

       .    Authority & Social Proof

Example:

  • Influencer Marketing on Instagram/TikTok
    Brands use influencers as trusted figures to endorse products, leveraging their authority within niche communities.

.    Create Associations

Example:

  • Nike’s “Just Do It”
    Associates shoes with empowerment, achievement, and personal greatness—not just footwear.

·      Media as a Multiplier

Example:

  • Coca-Cola’s Holiday Campaigns
    Coca-Cola uses TV, social media, and experiential marketing to reinforce the association between Coke and happiness/family gatherings.

.    Make It Seem Organic

Example:

  • Starbucks “Red Cup” Controversy
    Every year, social media debates about Starbucks’ holiday cup design feel spontaneous—but they drive massive free publicity.
  • Group Identity

Example:

  • Patagonia’s Environmental Branding
    Appeals to eco-conscious consumers who identify as responsible and adventurous.

.    Repetition & Consistency

Example:

  • McDonald’s “I’m Lovin’ It”
    A simple, repeated slogan across decades and platforms creates familiarity and trust.
  • Engineering Consent
  • Example: Campaign slogans like “Hope and Change” or “Make America Great Again” appeal to emotions and aspirations rather than policy details.
  • Why It Works: People vote based on feelings of identity and security, not spreadsheets of data.

.    Authority & Social Proof

  • Example: Endorsements from celebrities, respected leaders, or major organizations.
  • Why It Works: Voters trust familiar figures and assume “if they support it, it must be good.”

 .   Create Associations

  • Example: Wrapping candidates in patriotic imagery, family values, or economic prosperity.
  • Why It Works: People connect the candidate with symbols they already value.

 .   Media as a Multiplier

  • Example: Strategic leaks, press conferences, and viral social media clips.
  • Why It Works: News cycles amplify narratives, making them feel urgent and widely accepted.

 .   Make It Seem Organic

  • Example: “Grassroots” movements that are actually funded and organized by campaign PACs.
  • Why It Works: People trust what looks like genuine public support.

. Group Identity

  • Example: Messaging tailored to specific demographics (e.g., suburban moms, veterans, young voters).
  • Why It Works: People respond to appeals that affirm their identity and values.

. Repetition & Consistency

  • Example: Repeating key phrases like “Build Back Better” or “Drain the Swamp” across every speech and ad.
  • Why It Works: Familiarity breeds acceptance.